HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA DINI
Keywords:
Character Education, Habituation, Discipline, Early Childhood.Abstract
Parents are the first educators who play a central role in shaping the social and emotional development of early childhood. The parenting style applied within the family, whether authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful, is believed to significantly influence how children recognize, express, and regulate their emotions, as well as how they build relationships with peers and their surrounding environment. This article aims to examine the relationship between parenting style and the social-emotional development of early childhood, to identify the characteristics of each parenting style, and to describe the implications of parenting practices for children's social skills, empathy, self-control, and emotional stability. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review (library research) method, collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing relevant books, national and international journal articles, and prior empirical findings related to parenting style and children's social-emotional development. The results indicate that authoritative (democratic) parenting, which combines warmth with clear and reasonable boundaries, consistently shows the most positive relationship with children's social-emotional development, producing children who are more independent, empathetic, and able to manage their emotions well. In contrast, authoritarian parenting tends to produce children who are fearful, less confident, and have weak social communication skills, while permissive parenting tends to produce children with low self-control and difficulty complying with social norms. Neglectful parenting shows the most detrimental relationship with children's social-emotional outcomes. This article concludes that parenting style has a substantial relationship with early childhood social-emotional development, so that increasing parents' understanding of appropriate parenting practices is essential to optimize children's social-emotional growth.
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